Two of the most important points in the sowing of seed are the proper condition of the ground and the regular and uniform depth at which the seed is sown. Seeds require light, heat, air, and moisture for their germination. The ground should be light, and in such a condition that the young roots can easily penetrate it, and in all cases should be freshly dug so as to communicate air and moisture: it should be neither too wet nor too dry.

The most favourable time for seed-sowing is just before a gentle rain. If sown too early on cold, wet ground, the seed is apt to rot; when sown too shallow in a dry time, there may not be enough moisture to cause the seed to sprout. The seed should be sown evenly. The size of a seed is a nearly safe guide as to the depth at which it should be sown. For instance, beans and peas of all kinds should be sown about a couple of inches deep, while very small flower-seeds merely require to be just covered. As to the time for sowing, see "Annuals," "Biennials," and "Perennials."

Seed Testing

Testing the fertility of seeds

Take a random fifty or so seeds from the packet; get some soft flannel or other cloth and a good size soup of dinner plate. Moisten the flannel and put the seeds on it, then cover with another plate of similar size to retain the moisture. Subject the seeds to a temperature of from 70-85 degrees and watch the process of germination each day for about eight days. Continue to keep moist as soon as signs of dryness appear.

When your seed test is completed, count the seeds that have sprouted and find the average of fertile seeds; it is then an easy matter when planting to make allowance for the percentage of poor material.